
andrea ruggeri
professor of political science
dipartimento di scienze sociali e politiche
università degli studi di milano
Global Politics
conquering, resisting & collaborating
Part A — Concepts: The first block builds the conceptual toolkit — territoriality, power, sovereignty, and anarchy — by putting classic and revisionist claims to the test. Is sovereignty really "organized hypocrisy," honored mostly in the breach? Do state borders ever truly settle anything, or do states still "die" the way empires once did? Is anarchy a fixed condition of world politics, or something states construct and could construct otherwise? And when a leader chooses war despite its costs, is that a bargaining failure, a commitment problem, or private information about resolve? By the end of this part, students can wield hegemony, balance-of-power, and rational-design arguments against any headline claiming a "rules-based order."
Part B — International Public Policy: The second block turns from theory to trend, testing that toolkit against pressing policy domains. Who provides a global public good like climate stability when no state owns the atmosphere — and which industries fight the very agreements meant to supply it? Is a government's welcome to refugees genuinely humanitarian, or a strategic move with a political payoff? Has two centuries of globalization narrowed inequality worldwide, or just redrawn who wins and loses (Milanovic 2024)? And is the multilateral system built to manage civil wars adapting to a fragmenting international order, or breaking down with it?
Part C — Conquering, Resisting, Collaborating: The monographic third block combines global politics and global historyl, tracing conquest and its aftermath from 1492 to Iraq 2003. Why do some military occupations pacify a population while others provoke insurgency? What actually pushes someone toward collaboration rather than resistance under occupation — ideology, opportunism, or local rivalries? Did the "discovery" of America invent the racial categories later used to justify conquest, rather than simply describe peoples who already existed? Was Hitler's empire held together mainly by coercion, or by the self-interest of local collaborators across occupied Europe? And what do the Victorian, Soviet, and American occupations of Afghanistan have in common that explains why each one eventually failed?
summary topics/readings
Topic Required Readings Slides
Turbulence or Tempest?
Introducing Global Politics No readings M1 slides
Global Politics or Geopolitics? Agnew 1994 M2 slides
States & Sovereignty Krasner 1999 M3 slides
Borders & State Deaths Fazal 2004
Anarchies Wendt 1992
Hierarchies Lake 1996
Power & its measurements Barnett & Duvall 2005
Hegemonizing Gilping 1981
Balancing Schweller 2016
International Alliances Walt 1985
War & Rationality Fearon 1995
War & Uncertainty Jervis 1988
International Institutions Koremenos et al 2001
Trade & Globalization Walter 2021
INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC POLICY
International Public Policy No readings
Global Public Goods Sandler 2004
Climate Change Genovese 2019
Demography & Migrations Salehyan & Savun 2024
Inequalities and Transnational Capitals Milanovic 2024
Conflict Resolution & Peace Gowan 2024
MONOGRAPHIC SECTION
Why and how conquering? Edelstein 2004
Who, why, and how resisting/collaborating? Kalyvas2008
Discovery of America Salgado 2025
Enslaving of Africa Ewald 1992
Creation of Indochina Goscha 2009
Nazi Empire I Mazower 2009
Nazi Empire II Kocher et al 2018
Afghanistan: Victorian/Soviet/American Wars Hallyday 1999
USA & Iraq 2013 Flibbert 2013